20th Century Death Portrayal in Art Essay - 2365 Words

The 20th century was a time period lasting from January 1, 1901 all the way through December 31, 2000. Commonly known as the modern era, this century was nothing less than contemporary in every aspect throughout the world. Art in itself has always been a widely known and incorporated feature around the world since the beginning of time. As centuries came and went, eras within art and certain portrayals were heavily integrated and became best known as being used within certain centuries. From visual arts, to music, theatre, literature, and architecture, there has never been a dull moment. As modern as the 20th century was though, a very evident theme seemed to stand out among others within many forms of art. This was the portrayal of death.†¦show more content†¦The woman portrayed is Florence Owens Thompson and her children. She and her children were hungry and desperate at the time while they were in this state of destruction. She had sold everything and had nothing and Lang ’s attempt when she took the photograph was to demonstrate a photographs capability to display emotional powers. The look of death on the mothers face was meant to make emotional connections with the viewer as a cry for help. Last, when it comes to paintings, Frida Kahlo was a legend in her own time. On a constant basis, her art demonstrated how expressionism can be based on life scenarios (Wood, 1998). Kahlo was well known for her self-portraits displaying her uni-brow and an imperious expression. Her art was personal and every piece was an attempt to let the viewer know that art is not always based on world events, but sometimes personal event too. In 1943, Frida Kahlo painted Thinking About Death. With a vegetation background and another domineering facial expression, Kahlo painted a skull and cross bones across her forehead. Her attempt was to portray her mental state based on her preoccupation with morality and events that were going on in her life. These events included her diagnosis of polio, her near fatal bus accident leaving her unable to conceive a child, and her miserable relationship with artist Diego Rivera. Before this piece though, another death portrayal was set forth in Kahlos piece â€Å"A Few Small Snips†; createdShow MoreRelatedWeeping Woman746 Words   |  3 Pageshysteria, and death. The sad and dark eyed woman is Picassos lover Dora Maar, but the woman is also a symbol of a victim of war or a witness to the war in Spain spreading throughout Europe in 1937. Weeping Woman stands as a strong, iconic denouncement of the atrocities and inhumanity of modern warfare. The sharp angles reflect intense pain and the strident palette of acid greens and hot purples allows no rest or forgiveness for the eye- only protest and accusation. 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Two groups arose in reaction to Realism: the Impressionists, who further developed the idea of â€Å"conveying the real,† and the Symbolists, who harkened back to Romanticism’s focus on emotions and subjectivity. Additionally, theRead MoreLandscapes Through The Ages By Claude Lorrain s Seaport With The Embarkation Of The Queen Of Sheba Essay1358 Words   |  6 PagesLandscaping Landscapes: Exploring the Creation of Landscapes since the 17th century to the Modern Era From the 1600s to present day, landscapes have evolved in color and style. As the Baroque era incorporated stories and modern landscape photography focuses on color and subject, landscape artistry has changed as new movements of art and history occur. A proposed exhibition of landscapes includes Claude Lorrain’s Seaport with the Embarkation of the Queen of Sheba, Van Gogh’s Long Grass with ButterfliesRead MoreAnalysis Of Schindler s List, And Benigni s Life Is Beautiful1351 Words   |  6 Pagestoday, we still live in a male dominated society, where women are still being underrepresented, and even misrepresented. While there are many works of art that have women as the main subject, they are often depicted as mothers, victims, sexual beings, or shown as pure, and innocent. We rarely get to see women playing the dominant roles. Holocaust art works are no stranger to this theme. In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting how females are depicted in Spielberg ’s Schindler’s List, and

The Significance of Music in Arthur Millers Death of a...

The Significance of Music in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Human emotions are something that we seldom find a way to express clearly: from simple hand gestures, to a disgusted face. To understand his novel more thoroughly, Arthur Miller uses the most understandable method of comprehension, music, to express the emotions of the characters in his play, Death of a Salesman. The characters, Willy, Linda, Biff, Happy, and Ben, have a certain style of music and instruments portraying them to show the reader what type of emotional person they are. The beginning of the play starts with a soft, sweet, flute medley that announces Willy’s gradual trek home from Yonkers. This slow tune of confusion ends abruptly as Willy comes†¦show more content†¦The play has a sense of joy in it. Willy’s flashbacks always occur toward the same time where the Lomans were happy. Starting with Biff’s football days in high school. The music in those scenes would make anyone feel like they were on top of the world, just like Biff and Willy felt. Then comes Ben. Ben is Willy’s savior. Always acting like a parental figure, Ben was Willy’s answer to everything. A pure, fast paced song represented Willy’s hopes. The emotions involved in this type of music were mainly enthusiasm, confidence, and courage. Biff’s example of when he decides to go and see Bill Oliver and ask for a loan to start the sporting goods business is a good example of music interpreting confidence. Another bit of confidence is f elt when Willy is going to ask Howard for a stationary job in New York. The music that sounds troublesome in this play would have to be anything that involved the Woman. The Woman is involved in many conflicts, but mainly between Biff and Willy. When Willy is in the bathroom at the restaurant, a cheerful song begins, along side of the Woman’s laughter. The instant that Biff sees the Woman, the music stops, then begins once more but in a slow, droopy manner. Now the music stops after a life has been wrecked. This type of music has been foreshadowing his oncoming death by starting merry andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Death of a Salesman2925 Words   |  12 Pagesâ€Å"Death of a Salesman† written by Arthur Miller in 1948 attempts to give the audience an unusual glimpse into the mind of a Willy Loman, a mercurial 60-year-old salesman, who through his endeavor to be â€Å"worth something†, finds himself struggling to endure the competitive capitalist world in which he is engulfed. Arthur Miller uses various theatrical techniques to gradua lly strip the protagonist down one layer at a time, each layer revealing another truth about his distorted past. By doing this, MillerRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman And Tennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire1812 Words   |  8 Pagesposition of high standing. In Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman and Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire, drama is created through the use of discussing the downfall of an ordinary person. By placing ordinary people into crisis situations, it allows the audience to connect and relate to the situations presented. Drama is created in both Miller and Williams’ plays by the set and sound. In both Miller and Williams’ plays, the set is used to create drama. Miller’s play takes place in a New YorkRead MoreEssay on Death of a Salesman and Street Car Named Desire4007 Words   |  17 PagesBiff: â€Å"will you take that phony dream and burn it before something happens† Compare how the authors of Death of a salesman and â€Å"street car named desire explore the conflict between truth and illusion Truth and illusion are utilized in Tennessee Williams â€Å"Streetcar Named Desire† and Arthur Millers â€Å"Death of a salesman† through the use of the character; to lead the reader to a possible conclusion on the beliefs that went into the American dream that prompted people to work hard was that americaRead MoreStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words   |  31 Pagessharply-defined main characters. A form of extended metaphor, in which objects, persons, and actions in a narrative, are equated with the meanings that lie outside the narrative itself. The underlying meaning has moral, social, religious, or political significance, and characters are often personifications of abstract ideas as charity, greed, or envy. Thus an allegory is a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning 4. allusion- A reference in one literary work to a character

Addressing Literacy Problems Essay Example For Students

Addressing Literacy Problems Essay Literacy is perhaps one of the most researched areas in education. Despite this there is no consensus regarding the best way to help those experiencing difficulty. Class teachers make decisions on a day-to-day basis, some informed by research literature, some by past experience, some by problem solving unique to a particular case. Whilst researchers and teachers share the same interest in an educational problem their respective orientations differ. Halsey (1982) rightly observed that traditional research values precision, control, replication and attempts to generalize from specific events. Teaching, conversely, is concerned with action, translating generalizations into specific acts, dealing with particulars outside statistical probabilities. Hargreaves (1996) suggested that teaching is not a researched based profession and the yawning gap between theory and practice persists today. Research can inform practice, but because of self-imposed constraints render it too narrow to serve as a foundation for practice. Much research is esoteric, or too general, seen as irrelevant by most practitioners. As Hopkins maintained:  The traditional approach to educational research is not of much use to teachers .. (Teachers and researchers) live in different intellectual worlds and so their meanings rarely connect.  Ã‚  (Hopkins, 2002: 37) Clarke (1995) proposed specific solutions, advocating that research should offer information, inspiration, vision and support. He argued that if research is carefully designed, findings are shared and practitioners are involved, teachers can use research to obtain information to evaluate local and specific questions. They should find inspiration to improve pedagogy. They might view that which is familiar in a new light through investigations of models, concepts and theories. These arguments echo Stenhouse (1981) who called for researchers to justify themselves to teachers whom he proposed should be at the forefront of educational research. Teachers need to ally themselves with researchers who support evidence and explanations of good practice if they are to receive and become effective consumers and evaluators of research. Professional responsibility demands that teachers should endeavour to consult research in selective and creative ways with a clear sense of applicability. Commitment requires teachers to maintain and up-date their knowledge base, also to examine their own practice to generate functional knowledge of the phenomena they deal with. In this respect, as Hopkins argues, classroom research provides an emancipatory alternative to traditional designs. Through reviewing and extending strategies and skills practitioners become teacher-researchers, but the processes are different from those employed by larger scale research. A concern about practice, after reflection, involves discovering how far theoretical ideas are applicable in context. From this stance the teacher can develop findings that illuminate greater questions by rigorous attention to the detail of particular cases. Quantitative methodologies are useful in illuminating aspects of the professional universe, but applicability is more likely to be found at the interpretive, qualitative and ethnographic end of the research spectrum. The topic investigated:  My interest in literacy research was prompted by the House of Commons Education and Skills Committee Report (2005) calling for a review of current prescriptions, an improvement in literacy rates by ensuring suitable programmes are available to children who require support and further research into the Literacy Strategy compared with other catch up programmes.  This had relevance for a current whole School initiative to raise levels of achievement in reading and writing. In developing a focus that was viable, discrete and collaborative my intention was to examine the under achievement of Year 3 Learning Support pupils and their difficulties with high-frequency words, which they are expected to master by the end of Key Stage 1. My aim was to investigate why pupils experience on-going difficulty in order to develop more effective teaching practices.  To research theories relating to literacy difficulties and possible strategies, a literature search was carried out after discussion with colleagues regarding current practice and change. I compiled a list of research terms: National Literacy Strategy; Key Stage 1 and 2 literacy; high-frequency words; improving reading and spelling; self-esteem and illiteracy; motivation. Following an initial random search of the British Education Index database I refined the search terms using Boolean operators. For example, literacy, which yielded 2224 matches, was amended to spelling difficulties AND primary school children OR primary education, for which 8 records were found. Truncation symbols were used e.g. read? (39240 searches) and proximity searches were also carried out. Searches were then organised by publication date, (Appendices, p.26). .uf95ad1d3ca44ac47a3f1e6b1e7957497 , .uf95ad1d3ca44ac47a3f1e6b1e7957497 .postImageUrl , .uf95ad1d3ca44ac47a3f1e6b1e7957497 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf95ad1d3ca44ac47a3f1e6b1e7957497 , .uf95ad1d3ca44ac47a3f1e6b1e7957497:hover , .uf95ad1d3ca44ac47a3f1e6b1e7957497:visited , .uf95ad1d3ca44ac47a3f1e6b1e7957497:active { border:0!important; } .uf95ad1d3ca44ac47a3f1e6b1e7957497 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf95ad1d3ca44ac47a3f1e6b1e7957497 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf95ad1d3ca44ac47a3f1e6b1e7957497:active , .uf95ad1d3ca44ac47a3f1e6b1e7957497:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf95ad1d3ca44ac47a3f1e6b1e7957497 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf95ad1d3ca44ac47a3f1e6b1e7957497 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf95ad1d3ca44ac47a3f1e6b1e7957497 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf95ad1d3ca44ac47a3f1e6b1e7957497 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf95ad1d3ca44ac47a3f1e6b1e7957497:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf95ad1d3ca44ac47a3f1e6b1e7957497 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf95ad1d3ca44ac47a3f1e6b1e7957497 .uf95ad1d3ca44ac47a3f1e6b1e7957497-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf95ad1d3ca44ac47a3f1e6b1e7957497:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: To what extent are Conflict and Love inextricably linked in the play 'Romeo and Juliet' by William Shakespeare? EssayThe process was time-consuming and problematic. I was unable to access the University Library e-journals via Ingenta, or Blackwell Synergy despite using Athens login, although SwetsWise worked in some instances. It was established that the Library holds only dated editions of certain journals whose currency might cast doubts on the usefulness of the research. To overcome these difficulties an inter-library loan was requested. However, without abstracts it was difficult to assess suitability, which resulted in random choices of literature. Further searches were executed and the archives of www.nasen.org.uk were also used. Some papers were more pertinent; but for time constraints alternative material would have been selected for further inter-library loans. Nonetheless, the group discussions and collaboration that arose from identifying mutual problems and assessing strategies are essential for the teachers (to be) intimately  involved in the research process.

The monkeyman free essay sample

Calculate the margin of safety. (Round your intermediate calculation and final answer to the nearest dollar amount. Omit the $ sign in your response. ) Margin of safety $ c. Calculate the operating leverage. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places. ) Operating leverage 2. Sawaya Co. , Ltd. , of Japan is a manufacturing company whose total factory overhead costs fluctuate considerably from year to year according to increases and decreases in the number of direct labor-hours worked in the factory. Total factory overhead costs (in Japanese yen, denoted ? ) at high and low levels of activity for recent years are given below: Level of Activity Low High Direct labor-hours 52,800 70,400 Total factory overhead costs ?233,040 ?255,920 The factory overhead costs above consist of indirect materials, rent, and maintenance. The company has analyzed these costs at the 52,800-hour level of activity as follows: Indirect materials (variable) ?58,080 Rent (fixed) 136,000 Maintenance (mixed) 38,960 Total factory overhead costs ?233,040 To have data available for planning, the company wants to break down the maintenance cost into its variable and fixed cost elements. We will write a custom essay sample on The monkeyman or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Requirement 1: Estimate how much of the ?  255,920 factory overhead cost at the high level of activity consists of maintenance cost. (Hint: To do this, it may be helpful to first determine how much of the ? 255,920 consists of indirect materials and rent. Think about the behavior of variable and fixed costs! ) (Omit the ? sign in your response. ) Maintenance cost ? Requirement 2: Using the high-low method, estimate a cost formula for maintenance where X represents the number of direct-labor hours. (Round variable cost per unit to 1 decimal place. Omit the ? sign in your response. ) Y = ? + ? X Requirement 3: What total factory overhead costs would you expect the company to incur at an operating level of 58,080 direct labor-hours? (Omit the ? sign in your response. ) Indirect materials ? Rent Maintenance: Variable cost element ? Fixed cost element Total factory overhead cost ? 3. Deavila Inc. produces and sells two products. Data concerning those products for the most recent month appear below: Product Q91I Product J53Z Sales $ 16,100 $ 11,400 Variable expenses $ 5,720 $ 4,940 Fixed expenses for the entire company were $13,920. Required: a. Determine the overall contribution margin ratio for the company. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places. ) Contribution margin ratio b. Determine the overall break-even point in total sales dollars for the company. (Round your intermediate calculation to 2 decimal places and final answer to the nearest dollar amount. Omit the $ sign in your response. ) Break-even point $ c. If the sales mix shifts toward Product Q91I with no change in total sales, what will happen to the break-even point for the company? It will result in a decrease in the companys overall break-even point. It will result in a increase in the companys overall break-even point. 4 The Central Valley Company is a merchandising firm that sells a single product. The company’s revenues and expenses for the last three months are given below: Central Valley Company Comparative Income Statement For the Second Quarter April May June Sales in units 4,400 5,050 6,400 Sales revenue $ 616,000 $ 707,000 $ 896,000 Cost of goods sold 220,000 252,500 320,000 Gross margin 396,000 454,500 576,000 Selling and administrative expenses: Shipping expense 52,000 57,980 70,400 Advertising expense 68,000 68,000 68,000 Salaries and commissions 134,000 149,600 182,000 Insurance expense 10,000 10,000  10,000 Depreciation expense 38,000 38,000 38,000 Total selling and administrative expense 302,000 323,580 368,400 Net operating income $ 94,000 $ 130,920 $ 207,600 Required: a. Determine which expenses are mixed and, by use of the high-low method, separate each mixed expense into its variable and fixed components. State the cost formula for each mixed expense. (Round per unit answer s to 2 decimal places. Omit the $ sign in your response. ) Cost formula $ + $ per unit $ + $ per unit b. Compute the company’s total contribution margin for May. (Round your answer to the nearest whole number. Omit the $ sign in your response. ) Contribution margin $ 5. The management of Harlow Corporation, a manufacturing company, would like your help in contrasting the traditional and contribution approaches to the income statement. The company has provided the following financial data for January: Sales $231,000 Variable production expense $22,000 Fixed production expense $38,000 Variable selling expense $15,000 Fixed selling expense $27,000 Variable administrative expense $13,500 Fixed administrative expense $49,000 The company had no beginning or ending inventories. The contribution margin for January was: $156,000 $180,500 $184,000 $66,500 = $231,000 – ($22,000 + $15,000 + $13,500) 6. Boening Enterprises, Inc. , produces and sells a single product whose selling price is $148 per unit and whose variable expense is $48 per unit. The companys monthly fixed expense is $510,500. Assume the companys monthly target profit is $11,900. The unit sales to attain that target profit is closest to: 7,195 5,224 10,883 3,530 = 7. Ringstaff Corporation produces and sells a single product. Data concerning that product appear below: Per Unit Percent of Sales Selling price $141 100% Variable expenses 28. 2 20% Contribution margin $112. 8 80% The company is currently selling 7,800 units per month. Fixed expenses are $609,000 per month. The marketing manager believes that a $26,072 increase in the monthly advertising budget would result in a 240 unit increase in monthly sales. What should be the overall effect on the companys monthly net operating income of this change? Decrease of $26,072 Increase of $1,000 Increase of $27,072 Decrease of $1,000 8. The management of Harlow Corporation, a manufacturing company, would like your help in contrasting the traditional and contribution approaches to the income statement. The company has provided the following financial data for January: Sales $232,000 Variable production expense $31,000 Fixed production expense $25,000 Variable selling expense $18,000 Fixed selling expense $33,000 Variable administrative expense $12,500 Fixed administrative expense $36,000 The company had no beginning or ending inventories. The gross margin for January was: $125,000 $76,500 $188,500 $176,000 9. The management of Archie Corporation would like to better understand the behavior of the company’s warranty costs. Those costs are listed below for a number of recent months: Product Returns Warranty Cost May 34 $ 3,869 June 37 $ 3,915 July 30 $ 3,799 August 40 $ 3,936 September 46 $ 4,012 October 38 $ 3,903 November 39 $ 3,916 December 43 $ 3,962 Management believes that warranty cost is a mixed cost that depends on the number of product returns. Required: Estimate the variable cost per product return and the fixed cost per month using the least-squares regression method. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your fixed cost to the nearest dollar amount and the variable cost to 2 decimal places. Omit the $ sign in your response.  ) Variable cost $ per product return Fixed cost $ per month y = 12. 43x + 3858 Variable Cost = $12. 43 Fixed Cost = $3,858 10. Riven Corporation has a single product whose selling price is $17. At an expected sales level of $1,938,000, the companys variable expenses are $684,000 and its fixed expenses are $283,000. The marketing manager has recommended that the selling price be increased by 25%, with an expected decre ase of only 8% in unit sales. What would be the companys net operating income if the marketing managers recommendation is adopted? $971,000 $1,945,700. Wertman Corporation produces and sells a single product with the following characteristics: Per unit Percent of Sales Selling price $152. 00 100% Variable expenses 103. 36 68% Contribution margin $48. 64 32% The company is currently selling 3,800 units per month. Fixed expenses are $215,800 per month. Management is considering using a new component that would increase the unit variable cost by $3. Since the new component would increase the features of the companys product, the marketing manager predicts that monthly sales would increase by 300 units. What should be the overall effect on the companys monthly net operating income of this change? increase of $13,692 increase of $2,292 decrease of $13,692 decrease of $2,292 12. Monsky Corporation produces and sells a single product whose contribution margin ratio is 65%. The companys monthly fixed expense is $416,000 and the companys monthly target profit is $63,050. The dollar sales to attain that target profit is closest to: $270,400 $311,382 $640,000 $737,000 13. When the level of activity increases within the relevant range, how does each of the following change? Choice C Choice B Choice A Choice D 14. What is the cause of the difference between absorption costing net operating income and variable costing net operating income? Absorption costing includes variable manufacturing costs in product costs; variable costing considers variable manufacturing costs to be period costs. Absorption costing deducts all manufacturing costs from net operating income; variable costing deducts only prime costs. Absorption costing includes fixed administrative costs in product costs; variable costing considers fixed administrative costs to be period costs. Absorption costing allocates fixed manufacturing costs between cost of goods sold and inventories; variable costing considers all fixed manufacturing costs to be period costs. 15. On a cost-volume-profit graph, the break-even point is located: where the total revenue line intersects the volume axis. where the total expenses line intersects the dollars axis. at the origin. where the total revenue line intersects the total expenses line. 16. The margin of safety is equal to: Sales (Variable expenses/Contribution margin). Sales Net operating income. Sales (Variable expenses + Fixed expenses). Sales (Fixed expenses/Contribution margin ratio). 17. Net operating income computed using variable costing would exceed net operating income computed using absorption costing if: the average fixed cost per unit is zero. units sold are less than units produced. units sold exceed units produced. units sold equal units produced. 18. Witczak Company has a single product and currently has a degree of operating leverage of 5. Which of the following will increase Witczaks degree of operating leverage? Choice C Choice A Choice B Choice D 19. A disadvantage of the high-low method of cost analysis is that: It relies totally on the judgment of the person performing the cost analysis. It uses two extreme data points, which may not be representative of normal conditions. It is too time consuming to apply. It cannot be used when there are a very large number of observations. 20. Assuming that direct labor is a variable cost, product costs under variable costing include only: direct materials and direct labor. direct materials, direct labor, variable manufacturing overhead, and variable selling and administrative expenses. direct material, variable manufacturing overhead, and variable selling and administrative expenses.  direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead. 21. Denton Company manufactures and sells a single product. Cost data for the product are given below: Variable costs per unit: Direct materials $7 Direct labor 12 Variable manufacturing overhead 3 Variable selling and administrative 5 Total variable cost per unit $27 Fixed costs per month: Fixed manufa cturing overhead $297,000 Fixed selling and administrative 186,000 Total fixed cost per month $483,000 The product sells for $40 per unit. Production and sales data for July and August, the first two months of operations, follows: Units Produced Units Sold July 33,000 29,000 August 33,000 37,000 The companys Accounting Department has prepared absorption costing income statements for July and August as presented below: July August Sales $1,160,000 $1,480,000 Cost of goods sold 899,000 1,147,000 Gross margin 261,000 333,000 Selling and administrative expenses 331,000 371,000 Net operating income $-70,000 $-38,000 Requirement 1: Determine the unit product cost under Absorption costing and Variable costing. (Omit the $ sign in your response. ) Unit product cost Absorption costing $ Variable costing $ Requirement 2: Prepare contribution format variable costing income statements for July and August. (Input all amount as positive value except net loss which should be indicated with a minus sign. Omit the $ sign in your response. ) July August $ $ Variable expenses: Total variable expenses Fixed expenses: Total fixed expenses Net operating income (loss) $ $ Requirement 3: Reconcile the variable costing and absorption costing net operating income figures. (Input all amount as positive value except net loss which should be indicated with a minus sign. Leave no cells blank be certain to enter 0 wherever required. Omit the $ sign in your response. ) July August Variable costing net operating income (loss) $ $ fixed manufacturing overhead cost deferred in inventory under absorption costing fixed manufacturing overhead cost released from inventory under absorption costing Absorption costing net operating income $ $ Requirement 4: Which is the most appropriate method of costing? 22. This makes no sense at all, said Bill Sharp, president of Essex Company. We sold the same number of units this year as we did last year, yet our profits have more than doubled. Who made the goof—the computer or the people who operate it? The statements to which Mr. Sharp was referring are shown below (absorption costing basis): Year 1 Year 2 Sales (34,000 units each year) $1,267,000 $1,267,000 Cost of goods sold 680,000 578,000 Gross margin 587,000 689,000 Selling and administrative expenses 334,000 334,000 Net operating income $253,000 $355,000 The statements above show the results of the first two years of operation. In the first year, the company produced and sold 34,000 units; in the second year, the company again sold 34,000 units, but it increased production as shown below: Year 1 Year 2 Production in units 34,000 44,000 Sales in units 34,000 34,000 Variable manufacturing cost per unit produced $5 $5 Variable selling and administrative expense per unit sold $1 $1 Fixed manufacturing overhead costs (total) $510,000 $510,000 Essex Company applies fixed manufacturing overhead costs to its only product on the basis of each years production. Thus, a new fixed manufacturing overhead rate is computed each year. Requirement 1: Compute the unit product cost for each year under (Round fixed manufacturing overhead cost per unit and final answers to the nearest whole dollar. Omit the $ sign in your response.) Unit product cost Year 1 Year 2 a. Absorption costing $ $ b. Variable costing $ $ Requirement 2: Prepare a contribution format variable costing income statement for each year. (Input all amounts as positive values. Omit the $ sign in your response. ) Year 1 Year 2 $ $ Variable expenses: Fixed expenses: $ $ Requirement 3: Reconcile the variable costing and absorption costing net operating income figur es for each year. (Leave no cells blank be certain to enter 0 wherever required. Round fixed manufacturing overhead cost per unit and final answers to the nearest whole dollar. Omit the $ sign in your response. ) Year 1 Year 2 Variable costing net operating income $ $ : Fixed manufacturing overhead cost deferred in inventory under absorption costing Absorption costing net operating income $ $ Requirement 4: The net operating income for Year 2 was higher than for Year 1 under absorption costing, although the same number of units was sold in each year. This is because by increasing production and building up inventory, profits increased without any increase in sales or reduction in costs. Is the above reason true or false?

Frontiero v. Richardson - 1973 Supreme Court Case

Frontiero v. Richardson - 1973 Supreme Court Case edited with additions by  Jone Johnson Lewis In the 1973 case Frontiero v. Richardson, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that sex discrimination in benefits for military spouses violated the Constitution, and allowed the spouses of military women to receive the same benefits as did the spouses of men in the military. Fast Facts: Frontiero v. Richardson Case Argued: Jan. 17, 1973Decision Issued: May 14, 1973Petitioner: Sharron Frontiero, a lieutenant in the United States Air ForceRespondent: Elliot Richardson, Secretary of DefenseKey Question: Did a federal law, requiring different qualification criteria for male and female military spousal dependency, discriminate against woman and thereby violate the Fifth Amendments Due Process Clause?Majority Decision: Justices Brennan, Douglas, White, Marshall, Stewart, Powell, Burger, BlackmunDissenting: Justice RehnquistRuling: The Court ruled that the statute required dissimilar treatment for men and women who are similarly situated, violating the Fifth Amendments Due Process Clause and its implied equal protection requirements. Military Husbands Frontiero v. Richardson found unconstitutional a federal law that required different criteria for male spouses of military members to receive benefits, as opposed to female spouses. Sharon Frontiero was a U.S. Air Force lieutenant who tried to get dependent benefits for her husband. Her request was denied. The law said that male spouses of women in the military could only get benefits if the man relied on his wife for more than half of his financial support. However, female spouses of men in the military automatically were entitled to dependent benefits. A male serviceman did not have to show that his wife relied on him for any of her support. Sex Discrimination or Convenience? The dependent benefits would have included an increased living quarters allowance as well as medical and dental benefits. Sharon Frontiero did not show that her husband relied on her for more than one half of his support, so her application for dependent benefits was denied. She contended that this distinction between male and female requirements discriminated against servicewomen and violated the Due Process Clause of the Constitution. The Frontiero v. Richardson decision noted that U.S. statute books were laden with gross, stereotyped distinctions between the sexes. See Frontiero v. Richardson, 411 U.S. 685 (1977). The Alabama district court whose decision Sharon Frontiero appealed had commented on the administrative convenience of the law. With a vast majority of service members being male at the time, surely it would be an extreme administrative burden to require each man to demonstrate that his wife relied upon him for more than half of her support. In Frontiero v. Richardson, the Supreme Court pointed out that not only was it unfair to burden women and not men with this extra proof, but men who could not offer similar proof about their wives would still receive benefits under the current law. Legal Scrutiny The Court concluded: By according differential treatment to male and female members of the uniformed services for the sole purpose of achieving administrative convenience, the challenged statutes violate the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment insofar as they require a female member to prove the dependency of her husband. Frontiero v. Richardson, 411 U.S. 690 (1973). Justice William Brennan authored the decision, noting that women in the U.S. faced pervasive discrimination in education, the job market and politics. He concluded that classifications based on sex should be subjected to strict judicial scrutiny, just like classifications based on race or national origin. Without strict scrutiny, a law would only have to meet a rational basis test instead of a compelling state interest test. In other words, strict scrutiny would require a state to show why there is a compelling state interest for the discrimination or sex classification, instead of the much easier to meet test of some rational basis for the law. However, in Frontiero v. Richardson only a plurality of justices agreed about strict scrutiny for gender classifications. Although a majority of the justices agreed that the military benefits law was a violation of the Constitution, the level of scrutiny for gender classifications and questions of sex discrimination remained undecided in this case. Frontiero v. Richardson was argued before the Supreme Court in January 1973 and decided in May 1973. Another significant Supreme Court case the same year was the Roe v. Wade decision regarding state abortion laws.

Apa Snippets and Style Writing Pointers to Help Tcl Nursing

The abstract should be one paragraph of no more than 120 words on a page by itself. Other features of an abstract include double-spacing, one inch margins without indentation, and Times Roman or Courier 12 font. APA Snippets and Style Writing Pointers to Help TCL Nursing Students Write Excellent Papers The aim of this article is to discuss the varieties of pain assessments, and to determine under which circumstances each assessment is most appropriate. Pain is rated differently by each patient, and is subjective to many factors in the patient’s life, including but not limited to culture and past experiences with pain. Since pain may have an effect on all aspects of a patient’s life, healthcare providers must strive to most properly identify the amount of pain in order to properly control it. Symptoms such as â€Å"crying, elected temperature, facial grimacing, groaning, moaning, guarding of the affected area, loss of sleep, nausea, vomiting, restlessness, rise in blood pressure, rise in respiratory rate, and tachycardia† are typical indicators that a patient is in pain; but how much pain? Healthcare providers, namely nurses, use a system of scales and work with the patient to rate their pain. Nurses must be aware of the different pain rating scales available in order to most accurately assess a patient’s pain level. A nurse must not only be able to determine which pain scale is most appropriate for the patient to identify and express his or her pain level, but also be able to carefully interpret and evaluate the scores. For example, the pain scale that is appropriate for a fully functioning adult will differ from one that is appropriate for a child and differ from one that is appropriate for a patient affected by dementia, etc. A variety of unidimensional scales quantify the intensity of the pain and are more simple; while multidimensional scales do so plus identify the pain quality, uration, and any relieving factors, and are more complex. If time permits, a nurse may choose to use a combination of pain assessments in order to be as thorough as possible. Nurses can implement the use of a variety of pain assessments reviewed in this article into their patient’s shift assessment. A nurse may choose to use a more complex, thorough multidimensional scale upon his or her patient’s admi ssion assessment, and then use a more simple, quick unidimensional scale upon his or her patient’s regularly scheduled shift assessments. Regardless of the type of scale being used, a nurse must always use â€Å"effective and sensitive communication with the patient to assist in expressions of pain. † Nurses must listen to their patient and accurately document their patient’s subjective descriptions of the pain. Also, nurses should allow their patients ample amount of time to respond to their questions, which should also be open-ended questions. After the doctor has reviewed the pain assessment and ordered meds, the â€Å"effects of analgesia should be monitored closely and recorded in nursing notes to maintain continuity of patient care. In conclusion, nurses should assess the patient’s abilities, then choose and tailor the pain assessment to the patient’s needs. Assessments are of immeasurable importance as they have a direct effect on the patient’s quality of life. The more extensive of knowledge a nurse has of the plethora of pain assessments to choose from, the more he or she ca n also select the most appropriate pain scale per the patient, which in turn will have the greatest impact on the patient’s progress. Resources In the text, cite resources used to prepare the paper. Cite references in parentheses at the end of the sentence, but before the period (Burckhalter, 2009). Give the author’s last name, a comma, and year of publication. When citing the same resource several times in the same paragraph, it is necessary to cite the author every time but the year only once (Burckhalter). Cite a page number only for quotes. For works by two authors, name both every time and use an ampersand (Merwin Sapp, 2008). For works with three to five authors, name all in the first citation (Bible, Simmons, Beasley, 2009). In later citations, cite only the first author’s name and the term et al. nd the year. For works of six or more authors, cite only the first author’s surname followed by et al. and year in the text, but identify all the authors in the reference list (Slyh et. al, 2007). When a group or organization is the author, cite the group’s name followed by the year (TCL Nursing Faculty, 2008). References Cite all resources used in the text. For the reference list, center the word â€Å"References† at the top of the last page. Double space the entries and indent all lines, except the first line of each entry, five to seven spaces. Alphabetize the list by the authors’ surnames. Include only the initials and last name of authors, not full names or professional initials. Examples of citations are in the sample reference list with this paper. Note the examples of punctuation and capitalization. Journal citations capitalize only the first word of the article title. All major words in the title of the journal are capitalized. The name of the journal and the journal volume are italicized, but the issue and page numbers are not italicized. For books, the reference citation begins with the author or authors, followed by the date of publication. Only the first word of a book title is capitalized. Book titles are italicized. The publisher’s location is cited by city and state, a colon, and the name of the publisher. Electronic citations use the same guidelines indicated above. Do not place a period at the end of an electronic address. Email sent from one to another should be cited as personal communication and is not included in the reference list. Information from classroom lectures are also personal communication (S. Beasley, April 14, 2009). Conclusion A paper should have a conclusion which restates the purpose of the paper, states the major points, and gives recommendations for practice and/or research. This paper has presented suggestions for helping TCL nursing students write excellent papers. A student may also consider using this document as a foundation for a paper. The margins are set correctly. References American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed. ). Washington, DC: Author. Author, C. K. (2007, September 30). Title of a journal article. Imprint, 21, 35-40. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database. Benton Foundation. (1998, July 7). Barriers to closing the gap. In Losing ground bit by bit: Low-income communities in the information age (chap. ). Retrieved from HYPERLINK â€Å"http://www. Benton. org/Library/Low-Income/two. html† http://www. Benton. org/Library/Low-Income/two. html Bible, C. M. , Simmons, A. W. , Beasley, S. G. (2009). Summer events at TCL. Journal of Nursing Education, 46(8), 89-96. Burckhalter, T. S. (February 2009). Beaufort’s best nursing students. Nurse Educator, 53 , 46-65. McPheron, S. (2009). Mapping families. Imprint, 23(4), 14-27. Merwin, D. M. Sapp, M. P. (2008). Where to find happiness. Journal of Divine Meditation, 38(5), 35-42. Simmons, A. (2007). Frustrations in nursing education. In M. Sapp (Ed. ), Success for nursing students (pp. 13-29). Beaufort, SC: Technical College of the Lowcountry. Slyh, K. P, Merwin, D. M. , Sapp, M. L. , Bible, C. W. , Slachta, P. A. , Simmons, A. W. (2007). What nursing students want. Journal of American Community Colleges, 26(3), 32-46. Nursing Faculty. Technical College of the Lowcountry nursing student handbook (2008). Beaufort, SC: Author. Thomas, C. L. (Ed. ). (2008). Taber’s cyclopedic medical dictionary (21st ed. ). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis. APA SNIPPETS AND STYLE WRITING PAGE * MERGEFORMAT 7 PAGE Apa Snippets and Style Writing Pointers to Help Tcl Nursing The abstract should be one paragraph of no more than 120 words on a page by itself. Other features of an abstract include double-spacing, one inch margins without indentation, and Times Roman or Courier 12 font. APA Snippets and Style Writing Pointers to Help TCL Nursing Students Write Excellent Papers The aim of this article is to discuss the varieties of pain assessments, and to determine under which circumstances each assessment is most appropriate. Pain is rated differently by each patient, and is subjective to many factors in the patient’s life, including but not limited to culture and past experiences with pain. Since pain may have an effect on all aspects of a patient’s life, healthcare providers must strive to most properly identify the amount of pain in order to properly control it. Symptoms such as â€Å"crying, elected temperature, facial grimacing, groaning, moaning, guarding of the affected area, loss of sleep, nausea, vomiting, restlessness, rise in blood pressure, rise in respiratory rate, and tachycardia† are typical indicators that a patient is in pain; but how much pain? Healthcare providers, namely nurses, use a system of scales and work with the patient to rate their pain. Nurses must be aware of the different pain rating scales available in order to most accurately assess a patient’s pain level. A nurse must not only be able to determine which pain scale is most appropriate for the patient to identify and express his or her pain level, but also be able to carefully interpret and evaluate the scores. For example, the pain scale that is appropriate for a fully functioning adult will differ from one that is appropriate for a child and differ from one that is appropriate for a patient affected by dementia, etc. A variety of unidimensional scales quantify the intensity of the pain and are more simple; while multidimensional scales do so plus identify the pain quality, uration, and any relieving factors, and are more complex. If time permits, a nurse may choose to use a combination of pain assessments in order to be as thorough as possible. Nurses can implement the use of a variety of pain assessments reviewed in this article into their patient’s shift assessment. A nurse may choose to use a more complex, thorough multidimensional scale upon his or her patient’s admi ssion assessment, and then use a more simple, quick unidimensional scale upon his or her patient’s regularly scheduled shift assessments. Regardless of the type of scale being used, a nurse must always use â€Å"effective and sensitive communication with the patient to assist in expressions of pain. † Nurses must listen to their patient and accurately document their patient’s subjective descriptions of the pain. Also, nurses should allow their patients ample amount of time to respond to their questions, which should also be open-ended questions. After the doctor has reviewed the pain assessment and ordered meds, the â€Å"effects of analgesia should be monitored closely and recorded in nursing notes to maintain continuity of patient care. In conclusion, nurses should assess the patient’s abilities, then choose and tailor the pain assessment to the patient’s needs. Assessments are of immeasurable importance as they have a direct effect on the patient’s quality of life. The more extensive of knowledge a nurse has of the plethora of pain assessments to choose from, the more he or she ca n also select the most appropriate pain scale per the patient, which in turn will have the greatest impact on the patient’s progress. Resources In the text, cite resources used to prepare the paper. Cite references in parentheses at the end of the sentence, but before the period (Burckhalter, 2009). Give the author’s last name, a comma, and year of publication. When citing the same resource several times in the same paragraph, it is necessary to cite the author every time but the year only once (Burckhalter). Cite a page number only for quotes. For works by two authors, name both every time and use an ampersand (Merwin Sapp, 2008). For works with three to five authors, name all in the first citation (Bible, Simmons, Beasley, 2009). In later citations, cite only the first author’s name and the term et al. nd the year. For works of six or more authors, cite only the first author’s surname followed by et al. and year in the text, but identify all the authors in the reference list (Slyh et. al, 2007). When a group or organization is the author, cite the group’s name followed by the year (TCL Nursing Faculty, 2008). References Cite all resources used in the text. For the reference list, center the word â€Å"References† at the top of the last page. Double space the entries and indent all lines, except the first line of each entry, five to seven spaces. Alphabetize the list by the authors’ surnames. Include only the initials and last name of authors, not full names or professional initials. Examples of citations are in the sample reference list with this paper. Note the examples of punctuation and capitalization. Journal citations capitalize only the first word of the article title. All major words in the title of the journal are capitalized. The name of the journal and the journal volume are italicized, but the issue and page numbers are not italicized. For books, the reference citation begins with the author or authors, followed by the date of publication. Only the first word of a book title is capitalized. Book titles are italicized. The publisher’s location is cited by city and state, a colon, and the name of the publisher. Electronic citations use the same guidelines indicated above. Do not place a period at the end of an electronic address. Email sent from one to another should be cited as personal communication and is not included in the reference list. Information from classroom lectures are also personal communication (S. Beasley, April 14, 2009). Conclusion A paper should have a conclusion which restates the purpose of the paper, states the major points, and gives recommendations for practice and/or research. This paper has presented suggestions for helping TCL nursing students write excellent papers. A student may also consider using this document as a foundation for a paper. The margins are set correctly. References American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed. ). Washington, DC: Author. Author, C. K. (2007, September 30). Title of a journal article. Imprint, 21, 35-40. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database. Benton Foundation. (1998, July 7). Barriers to closing the gap. In Losing ground bit by bit: Low-income communities in the information age (chap. ). Retrieved from HYPERLINK â€Å"http://www. Benton. org/Library/Low-Income/two. html† http://www. Benton. org/Library/Low-Income/two. html Bible, C. M. , Simmons, A. W. , Beasley, S. G. (2009). Summer events at TCL. Journal of Nursing Education, 46(8), 89-96. Burckhalter, T. S. (February 2009). Beaufort’s best nursing students. Nurse Educator, 53 , 46-65. McPheron, S. (2009). Mapping families. Imprint, 23(4), 14-27. Merwin, D. M. Sapp, M. P. (2008). Where to find happiness. Journal of Divine Meditation, 38(5), 35-42. Simmons, A. (2007). Frustrations in nursing education. In M. Sapp (Ed. ), Success for nursing students (pp. 13-29). Beaufort, SC: Technical College of the Lowcountry. Slyh, K. P, Merwin, D. M. , Sapp, M. L. , Bible, C. W. , Slachta, P. A. , Simmons, A. W. (2007). What nursing students want. Journal of American Community Colleges, 26(3), 32-46. Nursing Faculty. Technical College of the Lowcountry nursing student handbook (2008). Beaufort, SC: Author. Thomas, C. L. (Ed. ). (2008). Taber’s cyclopedic medical dictionary (21st ed. ). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis. APA SNIPPETS AND STYLE WRITING PAGE * MERGEFORMAT 7 PAGE

Students with mental illness and depression Essay

Students with mental illness and depression - Essay Example Anxiety and depression disorders are common mental illnesses known to exist. Mental illnesses occur mostly in the times of uncertainty or stress which can be resulting from people’s daily life activities. It is worth to understand that mental illnesses and disorders are real illnesses. Just like other illnesses, such as asthma or diabetes, most mental disorders or illnesses are episodic. (U.S. Department of Education). That means there are periods when people will be well and productive, as well as other times being unwell and their overall production and functioning, becomes low. Depression is just a mental disorder, but not a disease. Psychiatrists have tried to help people who seek medication for conditions of mental disorders such as depression, but they have failed to explain the meaning of disorder or depression. These conditions are called disorders but not diseases with a reason. Disorder means something out of ordinary, where depression and other known mental illnesse s belong. According to a report in 2001, the US Department of Education reported that the rate of school dropouts among the students with mental illness is approximately fifty percent (U.S. Department of Education). The above disorder is characterized by the lack of ability to remain focused on a task, excessive activity, and impulsive behavior or inability to remain for a some moments. That means there are periods when people will be well and productive, as well as other times being unwell and their overall.